Deal Hudson
The Window on November 20, 2007
Did the Bishops Punish Archbishop Burke?
Perhaps it
should come as no surprise that Archbishop Raymond Burke (St. Louis)
lost an election at the annual meeting of the U.S. bishops last week.
Over the past
three years, Burke has assumed the mantle of the late Cardinal John
O'Connor in pro-life matters, challenging fellow bishops to take
stronger stances in the defense of innocent life.
Nominated as
chairman for the Committee on Canonical Affairs and Church Governance,
60 percent of his fellow bishops preferred his opponent. As bishops'
conference expert Rev. Thomas Reese noted in the
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, an auxiliary bishop defeating an archbishop for a conference chairmanship is "very unusual."
Archbishop
Burke's credentials as a canonist are widely recognized. In fact, he
missed the bishops' meeting because he was in Rome as a member of the
Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, the Vatican's highest
judicial authority.
Burke has been a
controversial figure since early 2004 when, as bishop of La Crosse, WI,
he began to challenge pro-abortion Catholic politicians publicly on
their reception of the Eucharist.
Shortly after
moving to St. Louis as archbishop, Burke said he would deny Communion
to Sen. John Kerry if he presented himself. Although his position has
been backed up by 13 other bishops, Archbishop Burke was clearly
straining the boundaries of "collegiality."
Father Reese, former editor of America magazine,
says the bishops were sending a message: "Most of the bishops don't
want communion and Catholic politicians to be a high-profile issue, and
he [Burke] is seen as a man who's pushing that issue. . . . Had he been
elected, it could have been interpreted as endorsing his position."
Archbishop Elden
Curtiss (Omaha), Archbishop Sean O'Malley (Boston), and Cardinal
Francis George (Chicago) went on the record denying that there was any
message being sent by the bishops to Burke. And supporters of
Archbishop Burke have no reason to regret the selection of Bishop
Thomas Paprocki, the Chicago auxiliary, whose reputation and
credentials are similar to that of Burke's.
The question
still in the air after the bishops' meeting, however, is whether Burke
is being punished for not backing down after the controversy
surrounding him during the 2004 election.
In response to
the Kerry and Communion controversy, the bishops formed a task force,
headed by Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, to study the issue and present a
report. That report, "Catholics in Political Life," differed sharply
with Burke, finding that each bishop could decide for himself in such
cases.
Archbishop Burke did not back down. Early this year, he published an article on Canon 915 in Italian law journal
Periodica de Re Canonica arguing that the McCarrick report was incorrect.
Burke said that
a bishop's interpretation of what to do in the face of a pro-abortion
Catholic politician "would hardly seem to change from place to place."
For Burke, enforcing discipline must go hand-in-hand with teaching:
No matter
how often a bishop or priest repeats the teaching of the Church
regarding procured abortion, if he stands by and does nothing to
discipline a Catholic who publicly supports legislation permitting the
gravest of injustices, and at the same time, presents himself to
receive Holy Communion, then his teaching rings hollow.
He gave the
names of bishops with whom he disagreed: Cardinal McCarrick, Cardinal
Roger Mahony (Los Angeles), and Archbishop Donald Wuerl Washington, DC.
Just as it's very unusual for an archbishop to be defeated by an
auxiliary bishop in an election, it's just as unheard of for a bishop
to take issue with another bishop by name.
In his article,
however, Burke spread the net even wider. He argued that any Catholic
who administers Communion -- even a lay person -- is required to
withhold it from Catholic politicians who know they hold positions
contrary to Church teaching.
Burke has said
publicly that he will not stop addressing this issue. In an interview
with Catholic News Service shortly after the 2004 election, he said:
It's funny
because some people now characterize me as a fundamentalist, or an
extremist . . . . But these are questions that are at the very
foundation of the life of our country. We just simply have to continue
to address them.
The archbishop of St. Louis has been true to his word. His article on Canon law formalized his objection to McCarrick's report.
If Father Reese
is right, the bishops are distancing themselves from a fellow bishop
who kept controversy in the air, a controversy most of them would
rather see go away.
The bishops' own
document from last week, "Forming Consciences for Faithful
Citizenship," was a powerful indictment of Catholics who participate
politically without demanding an end to abortion. Archbishop Burke,
though he was not at the meeting, and though he will not chair the
canonical affairs committee, must be given some credit for the strength
of the bishops' corporate voice in this statement.